Supply Wagon Crew
 |
 | W Britain Britains 8873 Union Supply Wagon & Crew |  |  | US $199.99 | 23d 12h 44m |
 | BRITAINS 8873 ACW UNION INFANTRY SUPPLY WAGON + METAL TOY SOLDIER FIGURE CREW | | | US $197.46 | 2d 11h 6m |
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Supply Wagon Crew
|
| W Britain Britains 8873 Union Supply Wagon & Crew | | | US $199.99 | 23d 12h 44m |
| BRITAINS 8873 ACW UNION INFANTRY SUPPLY WAGON + METAL TOY SOLDIER FIGURE CREW | | | US $197.46 | 2d 11h 6m |
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| | Worldwide Sport Supply Crew W/Twill Black $26.99 10 oz 80% cotton/20% polyester brushed backed fleece -Garment washed pre shruck -V inset neck detail -Rib trim cuff neck and waistband -Knitted with lycra |
| | Colonial Regulators Capturing a British Supply Wagon of Gunpowder in North Carolina, c.1770 $39.99 Colonial Regulators Capturing a British Supply Wagon of Gunpowder in North Carolina, c.1770 - Giclee Print |
| | Seminole Indians Ambush a Us Marines Supply Wagon, 11th September 1812 $49.99 C.h. Waterhouse Seminole Indians Ambush a Us Marines Supply Wagon, 11th September 1812 - Giclee Print |
| | 5 - 12-1/4X7-1/8 Toy Wagon $29.31 [6763023] UPC: 042385901503 16.04L x 16.16W x 13.79H 2.31 LB 2.07 Cubes |
| | 2700 - Radio Pathfinder Wagon $153.89 [1651413] UPC: 042385903002 40L x 19.5W x 14.5H 28 LB 6.55 Cubes |
| | A4 Cooling Performance Crew $12.99 100% polyester with 3M™ moisture management -Self fabric crew neck -Hemmed bottom and sleeve |
| | Clinton Element Series Super Weight Wagon $756.04 Features of the Clinton Element Series Super Weight Wagon: Innovative designed weight wagon provides easy access, 4-sided storage and maximum mobility. Numerous storage sections with full shelf on top. Protective bumper molding for extra protection on ends. 4" swivel casters (2 locking). Holds cuff weights, dumbbells, disc weights, weight bars and much more. Width: 24.75". Height: 39.75". Depth: 48". |
| | Clinton Element Series All-In-One Weight Wagon $784.36 Features of the Clinton Element Series All-In-One Weight Wagon: Innovative designed weight wagon provides easy access, 4-sided storage and maximum mobility. Numerous storage sections with full shelf on top. Protective bumper molding for extra protection on ends. 4" swivel casters (2 locking). Holds cuff weights, dumbbells, disc weights, weight bars, 4 rolls of exercise band and/or tubing and much more. Width: 24.75". Height: 39.75". Depth: 48". |
| | Jerzees Youth Supersweats Crew $13.39 Heavyweight crew neck sweatshirt with NuBlend™ pill-resistent fleece -Ribbed collar, cuffs and waistband -Radici- Spandex in ribbing -Fully coverseamed |
| | Drive Winnie Wagon All Purpose Cart, Black $44.79 Features of the Drive Winnie Wagon All Purpose Cart: Sturdy, all-purpose cart makes it easy to transport groceries, laundry and personal items. Manufactured with lightweight, durable steel. Large rubber casters provide for a smooth transport over most surfaces. Easily folds for convenient storage and transport. Basket Size: 21" (H) x 14" (W) x 13" (D), Handle Height 37". Limited Lifetime Warranty |
| | Drive Winnie Wagon All Purpose Cart, Red $44.79 Features of the Drive Winnie Wagon All Purpose Cart: Sturdy, all-purpose cart makes it easy to transport groceries, laundry and personal items. Manufactured with lightweight, durable steel. Large rubber casters provide for a smooth transport over most surfaces. Easily folds for convenient storage and transport. Basket Size: 21" (H) x 14" (W) x 13" (D), Handle Height 37". Limited Lifetime Warranty |
| | adidas Crew Socks 6-Pack $15.99 An athletic crew sock from adidas. Made with adidas patent ClimaLite technology for ultimate moisture control, plus antimicrobial fabric for decreasing odor. The adidas logo is featured on the cuff of the sock. A premium sport sock for any athlete! - Polyester / cotton / spandex / nylon -Half cushion cotton crew - Welt cuff adds durability - Knit-in 3-Bars on cuff - 6 pair / pack |
| | 18 - #18 Toy Wagon 36X17.5X4.5 $113.55 [360255] UPC: 042385907031 36.75L x 17.75W x 4.46H 26 LB 1.68 Cubes |
| | 34437 - Jd 28In Steel Wagon $70.75 [8747032] UPC: 036881344377 4.25L x 28.75W x 13.63H 15.09 LB 0.96 Cubes |
| | 34637 - 36 Inch Stake Wagon $139.87 [2824548] UPC: 036881346371 17.25L x 8.25W x 16.38H 40.3 LB 1.35 Cubes |
| | 92130 - Wheeled Spray Wagon Poly $60.43 [451-92130] Truck Delivery UPC: 690247921307 |
| | 22 - #22 Toy Wagon 36X17.5X9.5 $119.51 [131133] UPC: 042385916002 34.5L x 16W x 6.5H 25.3 LB 2.08 Cubes |
| | Clinton Element Series Super Weight Wagon with CapRac $899 Features of the Clinton Element Series Super Weight Wagon with CapRac: 4 independent, quick-change positions for holding your choice of exercise band (50 yds., hollow core center only) and/or tubing. Numerous storage sections with full shelf on top. Protective bumper molding for extra protection on ends. 4" swivel casters (2 locking). Removable Band CapRac. Holds cuff weights, dumbbells, disc weights, weight bars, 4 rolls of exercise band and/or tubing and much more. Width: 24.75". Height: 58". Depth: 48". |
| | A4 Women's Cooling Performance Crew $8.99 A4 Women's Cooling Performance Crew has the look and feel female athletes deserve, at a great price. 100% polyester. Moisture wicking, anti-microbial and stain-resistant. Ultra tight knit resists snagging. Self fabric narrow hem crew neck. Hemmed bottom and sleeve. Team colors. |
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Engine 59-1 Responding
Many Aspects of Modern Travel Was Pioneered By the Roman Empire
by: Geoff Ficke
Modern travelers take the open road for granted. We can hop into exquisitely engineered modern vehicles, pop onto smooth, straight freeways, well lit, with excellent signage and many roadside conveniences. We can cover as much ground as we might like in any direction, in relative comfort and safety.
Much that we love about modern road travel was actually available 2500 years ago to the ancient Romans. They created the template for a system of interconnected roads and conveniences that we have simply adapted during the 20th century as the automobile became the mass method of conveyance.
The road system that they built to connect their far-flung empire is still in use in many places.
As the Roman Empire flourished, conquered and consolidated new lands and needed to efficiently administer these territories the necessity for a durable network of roads became obvious to the ruling class. Prior to Roman ascendancy roads around the world were simple unpaved paths cut into the landscape by pack animals, carts and people moving goods to trade, barter and local markets.
The Romans prospered by trading in the lands they conquered, but they also needed to move great armies, control supply lines and have the ability to quickly transport edicts, orders and news to the far corners of the empire in a timely manner. To build this essential intra-state network of highways the Romans utilized the manpower always available in their army legions.
The quality and durability of Roman roads still amazes. Depending on topography Roman roads were famously straight for as far as the eye could see. This engineering feat was accomplished without any of the modern surveying equipment used by road builders today. The Romans invented a simple device called the gromma and this became the principal tool utilized for accurately surveying roads and thoroughfares.
The gromma ingeniously uses two strings with a weight tide to the end of each. The strings are attached to the ends of a length of wood. The surveyor would simply line up the strings until they appeared as one, and would have assistants plant stakes approximately every 100 yards apart . The surveyor, using the gromma as a guide, would have the assistants slightly adjust stake placement until the strings of the gromma and the line of stakes appeared as one. The result was a roadbed that was true, precise and easily utilized by the construction crews.
The Romans laid rock above the roadbed so the surface was higher than the land next to the road. This enabled water to drain off to the side and meant that roads did not wash out in inclement weather. Gravel was placed on both sides of the roadway to act as a sort of gutter to carry away runoff.
This system, when viewed on a modern map, appears much as the present day system of interstate highways is constructed. Spain, Gaul (modern France), Italy, Germany, the British Isles, Greece and Northern Africa all were tied closely together by this amazing transport network. Modern roadways parallel this grid in most countries where the Romans built their highways.
The Romans built over 2000 bridges. Many are in use, carrying traffic to this day. The arches they crafted were amazingly strong, with strategically placed keystones supporting the massive weight and pressure of these utilitarian edifices. In addition, these bridges are some of the most beautiful structures ever built. The Roman word for bridge was “pontificat”. Today we apply the descriptive name “Pontiff” to the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, as the Pope acts as the bridge between heaven and earth.
Hundreds of tunnels had to be built through the rugged topography of central Europe in order to move traffic to the most expeditious routes. The Romans had no power tools to gouge through rock. They had no dynamite. The technology to construct these tunnels was primitive, but most effective. Engineers would build massive bonfires right against the rock face of the surveyed tunnel. Then they would boil vinegar and have this splashed against the burnt rock face. While the effect of the heat and vinegar was greatest sappers would begin to chip at the weakened surface with chisels and hammers. Some of the tunnels took 20 years to complete.
As the road system grew, the need for roadside services became acute. Travel was typically undertaken in approximately 20-mile daily chunks. As a result every 20 miles or so, along the breadth of the massive Roman network of roads, there were roadside inns, workshops to repair transit vehicles, and stables to care for livestock. Maps were prevalent and indicated not only place names, but distances, accommodations, levels of luxury, services, and military garrisons.
As distance was crucial in planning itineraries the Romans perfected the odometer 2000 years ago. They utilized a 42-inch diameter wheel and a series of gears that engaged each time the wheel made a full turn. The interlocking gear system was calibrated so each gear turned as it was activated until a Roman mile (approximately 5000 modern feet) was covered. Then a gravel pellet would fall into a container as holes in the gears came into alignment. This amazingly accurate measuring system enabled the Romans to mark their maps, and place stones alongside the roadsides marked with precise distances covered and to the next town or service stop.
Today, travel has become a hugely popular experience enjoyed by millions of people around the world. Whether a brief weekend road trip, a cruise or an international vacation, people love to go. So did the Romans. The Romans were the richest people in the history of the world to that time. The system of roads they built were heavily utilized for recreational travel, the first time in history that people had the wherewithal to move freely about for strictly leisure purposes.
Travel guidebooks were omnipresent in ancient Rome. The travel guidebook for the many attractions of Greece, for example, was 20 full papyrus pages long. Inns and eating establishments were rated for economy, luxury, cleanliness and safety. The modern Michelin and Fodor guidebooks are simply successors of the Roman travel guides.
At most major crossroads on Roman roads there was a sign offering directions, distances and recommended stops for repairs, refreshments or relaxation. Many also included a news board with recent proclamations, travel warnings and local notices. These were the world’s first billboards.
As travel grew in popularity so did the menu of services available to the traveler. Chariots, sedan chairs, carts, wagons and covered wagons with swivel seats and dice tables (for the rich) were available for rent. Accommodations varied widely in cost and quality. Hostels, servants quarters, private sleeping rooms, luxury quarters with fire, bathing and mattresses were on offer depending on one’s pocketbook. Food was offered in similar variety.
The world’s first fast food was also available from some purveyors. The cart simply pulled to a door or opening, the menu card was reviewed and the order placed and delivered to the vehicle to be consumed as the journey continued.
The Roman Empire began to consume itself around the 5th century. The pursuit of luxury, greed and laziness made the Empire corpulent, vainglorious and decadent. The same roads that had been so crucial in their military, recreational and commercial enterprises came to haunt the Romans. Their many enemies utilized this road network to attack their former masters. The Visigoths, the Franks and the Mongols used the Roman roads to carve back lands formerly taken from them and to attack Rome mercilessly. By the end of the 6th Century Roman hegemony was long a thing of the past.
The demise of the Roman Empire meant that the maintenance and continued construction of the roads came to a halt. This had the unintended consequence of leaving huge swaths of the system in areas where there was no effective government. Trade came to a halt. The roads were deserted. In many areas, especially North Africa, Britain, Spain and France the Roman highways disappeared beneath weeds and fauna.
The result was the commencement of the Dark Ages. People stopped travelling for almost any reason. Until the Crusades there was almost no interaction between peoples and cultures. The insularity of tribes and fiefdoms lead to a reawakening of ignorance, disease, superstition and hate.
For six centuries the Romans ruled the known world. Their ability to create, invent and improvise has served mankind ever since. The vast Roman network of interlocking roads, tunnels, bridges, mapmaking, services, commercial enterprises and exploration is the guide we utilize to this day in communication, logistics and locomotion. We have much to thank these brilliant Romans for as we utilize so many of their inventions to this very day.
About the Author
Geoff Ficke has been a serial entrepreneur for almost 50 years. As a small boy, earning his spending money doing odd jobs in the neighborhood, he learned the value of selling himself, offering service and value for money.
After putting himself through the University of Kentucky (B.A. Broadcast Journalism, 1969) and serving in the United States Marine Corp, Mr. Ficke commenced a career in the cosmetic industry. After rising to National Sales Manager for Vidal Sassoon Hair Care at age 28, he then launched a number of ventures, including Rubigo Cosmetics, Parfums Pierre Wulff Paris, Le Bain Couture and Fashion Fragrance.
Geoff Ficke and his consulting firm, Duquesa Marketing, Inc. (www.duquesamarketing.com) has assisted businesses large and small, domestic and international, entrepreneurs, inventors and students in new product development, capital formation, licensing, marketing, sales and business plans and successful implementation of his customized strategies. He is a Senior Fellow at the Page Center for Entrepreneurial Studies, Business School, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.
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